Pregnant and lactating women must incorporate healthy lifestyle changes into their routine. They should ensure that they eat right to fulfil their nutritional requirements. Zinc is extremely crucial for the health and development of both the mother and the growing foetus or breastfed babies. During pregnancy, the demand for zinc increases significantly, as it plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis, cell division, and foetal development. Zinc deficiency can lead to adverse effects that may compromise both maternal and foetal health. Normally, females need 8 mg/day zinc. Research suggests these requirements are even higher for pregnant and lactating women. The standard zinc requirement in pregnancy is 15 mg/day, and for breastfeeding mothers, 19 mg of elemental zinc is permissible in the first six months and 16 mg in the next six months. Some of the reasons why zinc should be an integral part of a pregnancy diet are-
Foetal growth and development
Adequate zinc levels are essential for proper foetal growth and development. Zinc is a key player in the formation of the baby’s DNA and helps regulate gene expression, influencing the development of organs and tissues, and preventing low birth weight.
Immune system support
During pregnancy, a woman’s immune system changes to accommodate the growing foetus. Zinc deficiency can compromise the immune response, making both the mother and the baby more susceptible to infections.
Prevention of birth defects
Zinc is crucial for preventing congenital abnormalities. A deficiency in this vital mineral has been linked to an increased risk of neural tube defects and other structural malformations in the developing foetus.
Maternal health
Expectant mothers also benefit from sufficient zinc intake. It aids in maintaining a healthy immune system, supports wound healing (especially relevant during childbirth), and contributes to overall maternal well-being. Low zinc concentrations can prolong labour in pregnant women.
Cognitive development
Adequate zinc levels are crucial for proper brain development. Zinc deficiency has been implicated in cognitive deficits and behavioural issues in children. It may affect learning abilities and contribute to developmental delays.
Increased susceptibility to infections
A deficiency can compromise the mother’s ability to fend off infections, leading to a higher likelihood of illnesses that may negatively impact both maternal and foetal health.
